Lith Corporation, founded in 1998 by a group of material science doctor from Tsinghua University, has now become the leading manufacturer of battery lab&production equipment. Lith Corporation have production factories in shenzhen and xiamen of China.This allows for the possibility of providing high quality and low-cost precision machines for lab&production equipment,including: roller press, film coater,mixer, high-temperature furnace, glove box,and complete set of equipment for research of rechargeable battery materials. Simple to operate, low cost and commitment to our customers is our priority. 

What is an EV Car Battery Fabrication Line?

An EV (Electric Vehicle) Car Battery Fabrication Line refers to the entire manufacturing system used to produce lithiumion battery cells for electric vehicles. This includes all stages from raw material preparation to final cell testing and sorting, forming the core of any modern battery production facility.

Unlike labscale or pilot lines, which focus on research and process validation, a fabrication line is designed for highvolume, repeatable, and automated production of battery cells with consistent quality and performance.

Such a line is essential for:

 Battery manufacturers (e.g., CATL, LG Energy Solution, Panasonic, BYD)
 Automotive OEMs vertically integrating battery production (e.g., Tesla, BMW, Ford)
 New entrants building gigafactories to meet growing EV demand

A full fabrication line ensures that each step — from electrode manufacturing to final formation and aging — is optimized for efficiency, yield, and safety, while meeting stringent automotivegrade quality standards.



Key Objectives of an EV Battery Fabrication Line

1. Mass Production of HighQuality Battery Cells
    Ensure consistent electrochemical performance across millions of cells
    Meet strict automotive requirements for energy density, cycle life, and safety

2. Scalability and Cost Efficiency
    Enable gigawatthour (GWh) scale production
    Optimize material usage, labor, and energy consumption

3. Automation and Digital Integration
    Implement smart manufacturing systems (MES, SCADA, IoT sensors)
    Improve traceability, reduce human error, and enable predictive maintenance

4. Process Control and Quality Assurance
    Monitor key parameters (thickness, coating weight, weld strength, etc.)
    Detect and correct deviations in realtime

5. Safety and Environmental Compliance
    Handle flammable solvents and reactive materials safely
    Comply with fire suppression, ventilation, and emissions regulations



Types of EV Battery Fabrication Lines

Depending on the cell format, fabrication lines can be classified into three main types:

  1. Cylindrical Cell Fabrication Line
 Commonly used by Tesla and others (e.g., 2170, 4680 cells)
 Involves winding electrodes into a jellyroll and inserting into a metal can
 Known for high thermal stability and ease of packlevel redundancy

  2. Pouch Cell Fabrication Line
 Uses stacked electrodes enclosed in aluminum laminate pouches
 Offers flexibility in shape and size
 Widely adopted in passenger EVs and energy storage systems

  3. Prismatic Cell Fabrication Line
 Features stacked or wound electrodes in rigid rectangular cases
 Provides good mechanical stability and packaging efficiency
 Used by many OEMs including BMW, Hyundai, and Renault

Each type has its own dedicated equipment and process flow, but they share many common steps.



Core Stages in an EV Battery Fabrication Line

Below are the key stages involved in a typical lithiumion battery cell fabrication line:



1. Electrode Manufacturing

This is the foundation of the entire fabrication line, where both anode and cathode electrodes are produced.

  a. Slurry Preparation
 Mixing active materials (e.g., NMC, LFP), conductive agents, and binders with solvents
 Ensuring uniform dispersion and desired viscosity
 Typically done in highshear mixers under controlled conditions

  b. Electrode Coating
 Applying slurry onto current collectors:
   Copper foil for anodes (graphitebased)
   Aluminum foil for cathodes (e.g., NMC, LFP)
 Slotdie coating is preferred for precision and consistency
 Thickness control is critical for performance and safety

  c. Drying
 Removing solvents in multistage drying ovens
 Maintaining low dew point and solvent recovery systems
 Ensures no residual moisture remains in the electrode

  d. Calendering
 Pressing the dried electrode to achieve uniform thickness and density
 Affects ion transport and overall energy density
 Monitored using laser gauges for tight tolerances

  e. Slitting
 Cutting coated electrodes into strips of precise width
 Minimizing burrs and edge damage to avoid internal shorts
 Laser or rotary slitters may be used depending on volume and quality needs



2. Electrode Assembly

Once the electrodes are ready, they are assembled into either a stacked or wound configuration.

  a. Stacking (for Pouch and Prismatic Cells)
 Alternating positive and negative electrodes with separators
 Precision stacking machines ensure alignment and spacing
 Often uses vision systems for accuracy

  b. Winding (for Cylindrical and Some Prismatic Cells)
 Creating a "jellyroll" by winding cathode, separator, and anode together
 Tension control and speed synchronization are critical
 Automated winding machines ensure repeatability



3. Cell Assembly

After electrode assembly, the components are inserted into the casing and sealed.

  a. Casing Insertion
 Placing the electrode stack/jellyroll into the cell casing
 Testing different casing materials (e.g., steel, aluminum)

  b. Tab Welding
 Connecting electrode tabs to the terminals using laser welding
 Ensuring strong electrical contact and structural integrity
 Inspections verify weld depth and strength

  c. Electrolyte Filling
 Injecting liquid electrolyte in a dry room environment (<1% RH)
 Different formulations can be tested for performance and safety
 Requires solventfree handling and closedloop filling systems

  d. Sealing
 Closing the cell hermetically using crimping, laser welding, or ultrasonic sealing
 Leak testing ensures longterm reliability and prevents swelling or failure

Battery Line Machine

4. Formation and Aging

These steps activate the cell and stabilize its internal chemistry.

  a. Formation
 First charge/discharge cycle to form the SEI layer on the anode
 Done under tightly controlled current and voltage profiles
 Realtime monitoring helps identify defective cells early

  b. Aging
 Allowing the cell to rest under controlled conditions for several days
 Helps detect gas generation, internal shorts, or other defects
 Thermal chambers simulate accelerated aging for faster results



5. Final Testing and Sorting

Before shipment, each cell undergoes rigorous testing.

  a. Electrical Testing
 Measuring capacity, internal resistance, and selfdischarge rate
 Conducting charge/discharge cycles at various rates and temperatures

  b. Safety Testing
 Overcharge, short circuit, crush, and nail penetration tests
 Thermal runaway detection and protection mechanisms

  c. Mechanical Testing
 Compression, vibration, and impact testing to ensure durability

  d. Sorting and Grading
 Grouping cells based on performance metrics
 Ensuring balanced packs when integrated into modules and packs



Supporting Systems in an EV Battery Fabrication Line

To ensure safe, efficient, and highquality production, several supporting systems are essential:

  1. Clean Room and Dry Room Infrastructure
 Maintains ultralow humidity (<1% RH) for sensitive processes like coating and electrolyte filling
 Includes air filtration, humidity control, and solvent recovery systems

  2. Fire Suppression and Safety Systems
 Gas suppression systems (e.g., FM200, Novec 1230) protect against thermal events
 Explosionproof enclosures and emergency shutdown systems

  3. Manufacturing Execution System (MES)
 Tracks every batch, process parameter, and test result
 Enables full traceability and supports root cause analysis

  4. Data Acquisition and Analytics
 Realtime monitoring of temperature, pressure, current, and voltage
 Predictive analytics help optimize yield and reduce downtime

  5. Waste Management and Sustainability Systems
 Solvent recovery units minimize environmental impact
 Recycling systems for scrap electrodes and rejected cells



Benefits of an EV Battery Fabrication Line

 Enables largescale EV adoption through reliable, highvolume production  
 Reduces cost per kWh through automation and process optimization  
 Improves battery performance via tight process control and advanced materials  
 Enhances supply chain independence for automotive OEMs  
 Supports innovation by integrating new chemistries and formats (e.g., silicon anodes, dry electrode tech)  
 Meets global demand with scalable gigafactory models  



Design Considerations for an EV Battery Fabrication Line

When planning or expanding your fabrication line, consider the following factors:

 Cell Format – cylindrical, pouch, or prismatic?  
 Battery Chemistry – NMC, LFP, solidstate, etc.?  
 Annual Capacity Target – 1 GWh, 10 GWh, or 100 GWh?  
 Level of Automation – semiauto or fully automatic?  
 Factory Layout and Logistics – space, workflow, and clean room design  
 Integration with Module/Pack Line – seamless vertical integration  
 Environmental Compliance – emissions, waste treatment, and sustainability  
 Local Supply Chain and Labor Availability – impacts cost and scalability  



Leading Companies Providing EV Battery Fabrication Line Equipment

Several global companies offer turnkey solutions or key components for battery fabrication lines:

 CATL, BYD, LG Energy Solution, Panasonic – Inhouse developed lines and technologies  
 KUKA, B&R (ABB), Siemens – Automation and digitalization platforms  
 Hanson Robotics, Gree EnergyTech – Integrated battery production systems  
 BASF, Umicore, 3M – Material suppliers for cathodes, anodes, and binders  
 Trumpf, Coherent, IPG Photonics – Laser welding and cutting systems  
 MTI Corporation, Enerize, Toyo Seiki – Lab and smallscale production tools  
 Asahi Kasei, Toray Industries – Separator and membrane suppliers  



Need Help Designing or Optimizing Your EV Battery Fabrication Line?

If you're looking to build, expand, or optimize your EV battery fabrication line, I can help you with:

 Process Flow Design – from raw materials to finished cells  
 Factory Layout Planning – maximizing space and workflow efficiency  
 Equipment Selection – recommending bestinclass machinery  
 Automation Strategy – choosing the right level of automation  
 Cost Estimation – budget planning based on capacity and complexity  
 Custom Solutions – adapting the line to your specific chemistry or format  

All you need to do is provide the following information:

 Battery chemistry and format (NMC, LFP, cylindrical, pouch, prismatic)  
 Desired annual production capacity (in GWh)  
 Level of automation required (manual/semiauto/fullauto)  
 Target application (passenger cars, commercial vehicles, energy storage)  
 Current factory layout and infrastructure details